Home Blog Page 1811

Naira Scarcity: Bank Managers Arrested For Hoarding, Sabotage

0
Two bank managers have been arrested in Osogbo by the Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission, ICPC, over their failure to load their bank’s ATM s with the new naira notes.
Their arrest came barely 48hours after Godwin Emefiele, the Central Bank of Nigeria, CBN Governor said the apex bank was working with security agencies to deal with bank officials trying to frustrate it’s efforts to make the new Banknotes available to the public, following outrage that the currency was being deliberately hoarded by top bank some unscrupulous banks’ officials.
On Friday, President Muhammadu Buhari also accused some banks of deliberately working against CBN, during his meeting with 36 state governors in Abuja.
In a statement on Friday by Azuka Ogugua, the ICPC spokesperson, the commission said the cash bundles were loaded into the ATMs while still wrapped, and as such, could not be dispensed through the machines.
“The ICPC Compliance Team in Osogbo has busted an FCMB in Osogbo, Osun State, where some ATMs were loaded with cash with their wrappers un-removed, thus preventing the cash from being dispensed,” the statement reads.
“The Team therefore directed that the wrappers be removed, and the cash loaded properly.
“However, when a follow-up visit was undertaken the following day to ascertain the level of compliance, the Team discovered that one of the ATMs was still loaded with the wrappers un-removed. The Operation Manager of the Bank was arrested and taken in for questioning.”
The commission said the branch service head of Stanbic IBTC Bank in Deidei, Abuja, was taken into custody over the “deliberate refusal to upload cash into the branch’s Automated Teller Machines (ATM) even when the cash was available, and people were queuing at the ATMs”.
“When the ICPC monitoring team stormed the bank at about 1:30pm to ensure compliance, and demanded explanation as to why all the ATMs were not dispensing cash, it was informed by the branch’s Head of Operations that the bank just got delivery of the cash,” the commission said.
“However, facts available to the ICPC operatives indicated that the branch took delivery of the cash around 11:58am and either willfully or maliciously refused to feed the ATMs with the cash.
“Against this backdrop, the ICPC team compelled the bank to load the ATMs with the redesigned Naira notes and ensured that they were all dispensing before arresting the culprit.
“Investigations are still ongoing, and the Commission will take appropriate actions as soon they are concluded.”
Seven Point of Sale (POS) operators and a security guard were also said to have been arrested in Osun state over alleged extortion of residents.
The ICPC said a probe into the activities of the POS operators revealed that they got the cash from filling stations, “but they then resell the cash to the public at exorbitant rates”.
“The arrested persons are helping the Commission with information to assist investigations and bust any syndicates involved in the hoarding or sales of the redesigned notes,” ICPC added.
President Buhari during his meeting with governors today, begged Nigerians to give him seven days to resolve the naira crisis.

IG Orders Arrest Of Those Mutilating, Hoarding Naira

0
Alkali Baba Usman - IGP

By Uche Mbah

The Inspector General of Police (IGP), Usman Alkali Baba, has issued an order for the arrest and prosecution of  anyone that engages in selling, abusing or mutilating of the Naira notes.

Reports of scarce new Naira notes surfacing at social functions for “spraying” are rife. Recently, an actress, (name withheld) was arrested and grilled for spraying and marching on new Naira notes at a party.

A statement by the Force Public Relations Officer, Olumuyiwa Adejobi, Friday, said the directive is in line with upholding the Federal Government’s policy on the provisions of the CBN Act, 2007, and respect for Nigeria’s currency.

The IGP therefore ordered the Deputy Inspector-General of Police (DIG) in charge of the Force Criminal Investigations Department and the Assistant Inspector-General of Police (AIG) in charge of the Force Intelligence Bureau to swing into action and place their officers on high alert.

“Police and Commissioners of Police in charge of Police Commands and Formations to carry out full enforcement of the provisions of Sections 20 and 21 of the Central Bank of Nigeria Act, 2007 which criminalizes amongst other things the hawking, selling or otherwise trading, spraying of, dancing or matching on the Naira notes, falsifying or counterfeiting of bank notes, refusal to accept the Naira as a means of payment, tampering with the coin or note issued by the CBN”, the statement read.

“The Inspector-General of Police reiterated the mandate of the Nigeria Police Force to enforce all laws and regulations without any prejudice to the enabling Acts of other security agencies and urged all and sundry to cooperate with the Nigeria Police Force as it brings the long arm of the law to bear upon all violators of the provisions of the CBN Act, and other extant statutes in Nigeria, with a view to having a well-policed society in all ramifications within the country.”

Ugochinyere Is At Home With Lies, Blackmail And Mischief

0
Macdonald Ebere

By Macdonald Ebere

Today, we have invited you to witness our response to the recent malicious and mischievous allegations levelled against our Governor, HE, Senator Hope Uzodimma by one habitual and notorious blackmailer and merchant of falsehood, popularly known as Ikenga Imo Ugochinyere, who is currently plying his trade of mischief under the platform of the ineffectual, unimpressive, and tactless Coalition of United Political Parties, CUPP.

Just as you are aware, Ugochinyere, as usual with his character, recently stage-managed what he claimed to be “a world press conference” in Abuja wherein he made so much frivolous and misleading allegations only targeted at discrediting and undermining the reputation and integrity of our indefatigable and peace-loving Governor.

Ordinarily, we would not have bothered to dignify a character like Ugochinyere, an agent provocateur, with a response because his antecedent is an open book.

However, for the purpose of dissecting his claims to expose the real intentions of that disreputable cruise in Abuja called press conference, we are constrained to join issues with him. Our intention is to save the public from being misled by a transactional activist, through the deliberate fabrication and dissemination of unwholesome tales.

Ugochinyere in Abuja, had mobilized the media for what he tagged “a world press conference” following the recent unfortunate attack by unknown gunmen that took place at his Akokwa country home, that allegedly left three persons dead and many others injured. We have continued to condemn in its entirety such despicable, unconscionable, and horrendous act, regardless of the victim, as it is wicked and not in sync with the true nature of Imo people because, we are peace – loving and civilized people. We are also our brother’s keeper.

However, it is to say the least childish, pedestrian, and illogical, as it is inconsistent with good conscience, for Ugochinyere to accuse Governor Uzodimma as the architect of his predicaments.

To every discerning Imolite, Governor Hope Uzodimma is more of a victim than a villain in this ugly issue of insecurity. It is on record, that prominent cabinet members of this administration have suffered various forms of attacks at different times.

As usual, Ugochinyere, like his co-travellers and sponsors in the opposition PDP, in his 15-page-address was not able to convince anyone that Governor Uzodimma was behind his predicaments. We rather saw someone who was making desperate efforts to remain relevant and in the public glare through the bright light of Governor Uzodimma – the Onwa Oyoko – in Imo State. That’s why Ugochinyere finds it convenient and comfortable to constantly drag Governor Uzodimma’s name into his malicious utterances. How else can one describe cheap popularity?

However, the truth is that some aggrieved political actors in the state, who swore to make the state ungovernable for the governor after their failed judicial assault called Supreme Court review, quickly mobilized non state actors to kill innocent citizens, especially members of APC in Imo State, particularly in Orlu senatorial zone in order to depopulate our party in the area, create tension and panic in the State, demoralise our members, and undermine the government.

Those behind the business of insecurity in our state, have one objective in mind; to portray the Uzodimma’s led administration as unpopular, ineffective, and incapable of managing a State like Imo.

Having failed in all attempts to overwhelm the government with sponsored insecurity, they went ahead to the utter dismay of our people to call for the declaration of state of emergency in the State. They are political desperadoes driven by an inordinate quest for power!

We were shocked, however, that three years after the inauguration of Senator Uzodimma as duly elected governor of Imo State following the landmark judgment of the Supreme Court, which brought the Rt. Hon. Emeka Ihedioha’s illegal and fraudulent occupation of Douglas House to deservedly end, Imo PDP speaking through their hired undertaker, Ugochinyere, still disparages the integrity of the highest court in Nigeria.

Nonetheless, why Ugochinyere and the PDP will never stop their prolonged wailing over the victory of Distinguished Senator Hope Uzodimma at the 2019 Imo gubernatorial polls is now clear. They are not happy that Gov Uzodimma has within three years proven that visionary, altruistic and transparent leadership that has transformed the once despoiled and abandoned Imo State through the construction of world-class infrastructure, wealth creation and expansion, rehabilitation of over 200 roads, recovery of stolen Imo State assets including the Standard Shoe Factory, K.O. Mbadiwe University, Ogboko, over 800 stolen hectares of land by past administrations, now returned to the real owners et cetera. These successes only speak to the veracity and authenticity of the Governor’s 3R Agenda of Reconstruction, Rehabilitation, and Recovery, which he has continued to live up to against all odds!

Ikenga Ugochinyere, has once again exposed his shallowness of mind and characteristic idiosyncrasy as a provocative demagogue whose stock in trade is sensationalizing falsehood to appear as truth. The so-called “Omuma magic,” which according to Ugochinyere, is an attempt to rig the 2023 election, claiming that the National Voters register has been riddled with 10 million fake registrations done by one of the political parties, has been clearly debunked by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), as an empty and malicious claim with the following declaration:

‘For the avoidance of doubt, we restate the main components of these activities. First, the Commission is conducting a comprehensive Automated Biometric Identification System cleanup of the registration data by scrutinizing every record’

‘Based on the Electoral Act 2022, any record that does not meet all the criteria for inclusion as stipulated in Section 10, including the appearance in person by the registrant at the registration venue with proof of identity, age and nationality and our business rules requirements of an adequate number of fingerprints and clear pictures will be invalidated’

  1. The whole world can see that Ugochinyere and the PDP are determined to cause confusion and incite violence by promoting pure falsehood as truth and should be totally disregarded by Imo people.

If the APC-led Government of Gov. Uzodimma is the mastermind of all political killings in the State as claimed by Ugochinyere, how come the victims numbering over 35 are all members of the APC and from Orlu Zone including the recent brutal butchering of the Sole Administrator of Ideato North Local Government Area and a frontline supporter of the governor, which was never condemned by Ugochinyere and his PDP partners in peddling of falsehood?

Is Ugochinyere not aware that since the attack on Nigeria Correctional Centre facility in Owerri and the release of over I,840 hardened and condemned criminals, the Imo State Government has been put under untold pressures to maintain peace and security? It can as well be claimed that Ugochinyere and his PDP partners are responsible for that jailbreak.

However, it is strange and a clear demonstration of witchcraft that Ugochinyere has without any clear proof continued to accuse the peace-loving Governor of Imo State, Distinguished Senator Hope Uzodimma, as the mastermind of the attack – that is nasty, and a joke taken too far.

For the avoidance of doubt, Gov. Uzodimma is saddled with the responsibility of protecting the lives and property of all Imo people irrespective of party affiliation and this he has been doing creditably with maturity and candour. Nonetheless, his peaceful disposition should not be taken for granted as Gov. Uzodimma reserves the right to push for the arrest of Ugochinyere for clear gross defamation and assassination of character.

Freedom of speech is not freedom to be stupid, peddle falsehood and incite the people against the government. We warn Ugochinyere to desist from such inglorious path as the full weight of the law will be brought to bear on any further unfounded and intentional provocation by Ugochinyere.

While we use this opportunity to extend once again our heartfelt condolences and solidarity to the affected families, we pray God to grant eternal rest to the souls of the departed.


Hon. Ebere, Ph.D, is the Imo State Chairman of the APC

Naira Redesign: Customer Slumps Inside Bank, Dies

0
Man Dies in Banking Hall

By Adesina Soyooye

The Naira redesign and the its attendant difficulties have recorded a fatality on Friday, February 3, 2023.

A yet-to-be identified Bank Customer has slumped and died inside a bank in Delta State.

According to a report, the almost, middle-aged man had stood on the queue for hours, without being attended to, obviously, because of the crowd in the Bank.

Since the Naira redesign and its scarcity, hundreds of people usually storm banks or ATM and POS centers in a bid to withdraw money. They usually don’t succeed. They go home hungry and empty-handed.

The tragic incident took place at the Ika Local Government Area of Delta State.

The dead wore a white shirt which he tucked into a pair of black trousers and was stretched out, with his shoes removed, at the Banking Hall to the shock and pains of other customers.

Bright Edafe, Spokesperson for the Delta State Police Command, who confirmed the story, however, said the deceased was not in the bank to withdraw money but to pick his ATM Card.”

The long hours of standing on the queue must have exhausted him.

Allow Both New And Old Notes To Circulate Side By Side, APC Governors Urge Buhari

0
APC Governors

By Uche Mbah

Governors under the aegis of the ruling All Progressives Congress, APC, rose from a meeting Friday with President Muhammadu Buhari, demanding from him to prevail on the Central Bank of Nigeria, CBN, to allow both the new and old notes to circulate side by side with the belief that it will help assuage the sufferings of Nigerians engendered by the difficulties in assessing the new Naira notes.

Governor of Kaduna State, Nasir El-Rufai, who spoke on their behalf after the meeting, to journalists, said the move has become imperative because the CBN mopped up over N2 trillion old notes and released N300bn.

El Rufai spoke in Hausa.

“We informed the President about this. And he said within the next seven days, he will talk to the CBN and other agencies. He also said the Commercial Banks are at fault and he will see how to resolve this.

“But he didn’t indicate whether or not there will be an extension. He only said he will have to find out what is really happening.

“We in the States have seen that if this issue is not brought under control, it may lead to tension across the Nation. It can mar the elections and even prevent the conduct of elections altogether.

Due to this, the President said he would consider it. And our (PGF) Chairman, Abubakar Bagudu, is inside with the President,” el-Rufai said.

The CBN cashless policy is meant to drastically reduce the amount of cash in circulation while encouraging electronic Banking. But el Rufai insisted that more cash-at least N1 trillion- ought to have been put into circulation before implementing the policy.

Only recently, the CBN ordered Banks to peg over-the-counter withdrawal to a maximum of N20, 000.

According to him, this have mostly affected petty traders and those with perishable goods like tomatoes. He lamented the amount of wastage resulting from the policy.

“If you consider some states and local government areas, they don’t have banks. Some have challenges with the PoS outlets. As a result, people cannot buy goods in the market. Those trading tomatoes from the North to Lagos are running at a loss because their goods are getting spoiled. No money to buy them”, he said.

Scarcity of Naira: Ibadan Boils, Governor’s Office Attacked, Banks Shut Doors

0
Ibadan Naira Redesign Protest

By Adesina Soyooye

The sufferings of the people, occasioned  by the Scarcity of Naira boiled over on Friday in Ibadan, Oyo State, when hundreds  of protesters stormed the streets.

They are hungry and they are angry. They cannot get out their money from the banks, and so, cannot buy food. Their lives are at a standstill. They are frustrated, so they took their frustration to the streets of Ibadan.

In their hundreds, some  carrying sticks and clubs, they siezed a vehicle belonging to Amotekun- the Regional Security Outfit – around Adamasingba area, and began to harass people.

They also stormed and attacked the Governor’s office at the Agodi area of Ibadan. Fear reigns.

Banks and offices have shut down their doors for fear of attacks and vandalization.

Ever since the Central Bank of Nigeria redesigned three denominations of the Naira and announced a January 31 deadline for the exchange, crisis has hit Nigeria.

A couple of days ago, CBN Governor, Godwin Emefiele, announced that President Muhammadu Buhari had given a 10-day break to end on February 10. But that has not eased the sufferings of the people. Instead it gets worse.

Banks are not dispensing money, nor are ATM and POS machines working and people are  hungry. They have resorted to fighting in the banks and at ATM points with some people stripping and asking for their money.

After a meeting at the Presidential Villa on Friday, Buhari asked for seven days to sort the problems out, and attributed the difficulties being experienced to greediness.

However, Kaduna State Governor, Mallam Nasir el-Rufai, added a new twist when he said that only the poor are suffering as Governors and top politicians and businessmen already has the new Naira stashed away. He said they have their own way of getting the money, and disclosed that an unnamed Governor just withdrew the sum of N500 million from a bank.

The Governors appealed to the President to allow the usage of the  old and new notes.

Unless things ease out, the protest is likely to spread.

‘I Will Tackle Massive Poverty And Criminalities,’ Obi Declares In Kebbi

0
Peter Obi in Kebbi State

The Labour Party Presidential Candidate, Peter Obi on Thursday rounded up his national campaigns to the North Western states in Kebbi state declaring that his administration will tackle massive poverty and criminalities prevalent in the region if elected.

Obi told a mammoth crowd of supporters in Birin Kebbi the state capital that he and his running mate, Yusuf Datti Baba Ahmad will build a new Nigeria free from massive poverty and criminalities.

The LP candidate said that they intend to do this by investing massively in Agriculture to ensure food security and export as well engage youths in their productive age.

“By engaging the youths meaningfully we would be tackling unemployment and reducing criminalities in the area as idle hands they say is the devil’s workshop.

He also promised to invest heavily in education and health as its the only way that the people can be dutifully deployed for the production and growth of their environment.

“This country is a great country with landmass and courageous people; we can feed ourselves if we truly harness our potential for the better.

”I will also invest heavily in education and ensure that unemployment becomes history in this country as our youth will be gainfully engaged in empowerment programs,” he said.

Obi also promised an upward review of workers’ salaries and pensions if given the mandate in the 25 February election because you can’t achieve the goal of massive production if the people are poorly remunerated.

The Presidential Candidate did not fail to remind the people that this year’s election is existential to the country and must not be based on the old idea of ethnic and religious sentiments but on competence, characters you can trust with capacity and capabilities which is what he and his mate Datti are bringing to regain and rebuild a new Nigeria that is possible.

Vice Presidential Candidate Datti BabaAhmad and the National Chairman of the Labour Party, Comrade Julius Abure, and other leaders of the party also addressed the rally.

Obi who appreciated the jubilant and enthusiastic crowd for their patience in waiting long for his arrival in the state late evening promised to improve their lives if elected.

Akeredolu Raises Alarm Over Palpable Anger In Nigeria, Calls For President’s Intervention

0
Rotimi Akeredolu - Ondo Communal Clash

By Ayodele Oni

Ondo state Governor, Oluwarotimi Akeredolu, has expressed reservation about the choice of this period by the Central Bank of Nigeria, (CBN) for the implementation of a change in colours of the naira.

The Governor noted that the policy, which bears an instant negative impact with no discernible mitigation in sight, raises serious suspicion of partisanship on the part of the CBN.

In statement, he personally signed, Akeredolu, who is chairman, Southern Governors Forum pointed out that the current hardship being experienced by the ordinary people forebodes unpleasant consequences.

The statement reads, “The people of this country have had to live under excruciating pains occasioned, mainly, by the contrived crisis in the petroleum sector.

“Nigerians have been at the mercy of the unscrupulous elements in the distribution chain who have sustained the artificial scarcity of the product since late last year.

“The unsavoury sight of the past has not only resurfaced in all the major cities of the country. It is also eroding the goodwill enjoyed by the Federal Government for the stability achieved in the past seven years.

“Nigerians have been living with scarcity of petroleum products for some time now. Fuel scarcity, a phenomenon which this current Administration had once confined to the dustbin in the chronicle of happenings in an inglorious past, has suddenly assumed a permanent feature of our daily existence and there appears to be no solution to the perennial crisis.

“The Central Bank of Nigeria, through his Governor, Mr. Godwin Emefiele, who purports to act under the powers conferred on the institution by the CBN Act, has chosen this period, when the country prepares for general elections, to redesign the currency notes for sundry reasons, chief among which is the need for the bank to be in control of the currency notes in circulation and checkmate the unwholesome activities of terrorists and their enablers and election riggers.

“The struggles and actual fights recorded in banking halls, ATM and POS points, and markets across the country are disquieting.

“The choice of this period for the implementation of a policy, which bears an instant negative impact with no discernible mitigation in sight, raises serious suspicion of partisanship on the part of the CBN.

“The ordinary people are the victims. Depositors can no longer access their monies even to feed their families. Hunger is not the anticipated result of a monetary policy.

“While no reasonable person will contend with the decision of the CBN to discharge its statutory functions, the plight of the downtrodden must, however, be considered. Majority of Nigerians groan, at present, under the crushing weight of these crises.

“There is pervasive discontent in the land and unless some urgent redemptive steps are taken to ameliorate the debilitating effects of seeming desultory and nonchalant disruptions of their normal simple lives, a series of events with unpleasant consequences is inevitable.

“There is palpable anger engendered by frustration in the land. The wave of discontent increases with unbelievable rapidity across the country.

“The current hardship being experienced by the ordinary people forebodes unpleasant consequences. These crises may set in motion a chain of events the end of which is better imagined.

“The Federal Government must make a categorical pronouncement on the availability of petrol and its price since it is the general belief that the country still pays humongous amounts as subsidy.

“A situation which permits a few individuals to inflict pains on the populace, seemingly without check, is deplorable. The CBN Governor, Mr. Godwin Emefiele, must come clean on the new monetary policy.

“Nigerians are practically buying the country’s currency to feed when we are not in a state of war.

“The fact that the ruling party hopes to present candidates for election in the general elections in the coming weeks accentuates the level of suspicion as regards the possibility of having certain elements whose interests stand at variance with the general aspirations of the party and its committed members.

“There is no better way to de-market a brand than this ruthless execution of a pernicious motive. The Federal Government, through the President (Muhammadu Buhari), must act now.”

Naira Change: President Buhari Sets Seven Days Target To Resolve Problems, Says Hardship Due To Greed

0
Godwin Emefiele and President Muhammadu Buhari

By Ayodele Oni

President Muhammadu Buhari has observed that the hardship being experienced as a result of change in design of some Naira denominations is as a result of greed and selfishness of some individuals.

The President, however, vowed that all issues relating to the decision would be resolved within the remaining seven days.

He particularly promised to resolve the cash crunch that has become a problem across the country from the policy of the Central Bank of Nigeria, (CBN) to change high value Naira notes with new ones.

The President spoke on Friday in Abuja, during a meeting with Progressive Governors Forum who came to the Presidential Villa to seek solutions to the cash crunch, which they said was threatening the good records of the administration in transforming the economy.

Garba Shehu, Presidential spokesman, quoted Buhari as saying that the currency re-design will give a boost to the economy and provide long-term benefits while expressing doubts about the commitment of banks in particular to the success of the policy.

According to the President, “some banks are inefficient and only concerned about themselves, saying even if a year is added, problems associated with selfishness and greed won’t go away.”

He said he had seen television reports about cash shortages and hardship to local businesses and ordinary people and gave assurances that the balance of seven of the 10-day extension will be used to crackdown on whatever stood in the way of successful implementation.

“I will revert to the CBN and the Minting Company. There will be a decision one way or the other in the remaining seven days of the 10-day extension.”

The Governors told the President that, while they agreed that his decision on the renewal of currency was good and they are fully in support, its execution had been botched and their constituents were becoming increasingly upset.

They told the President that, as leaders of the government and party in their different states, they were becoming anxious about a slump in the economy and the series of elections that are coming.

They requested the President to use his powers to direct the concurrent flourish of the new and old notes till the end of the year.

The President said when he considered giving the approval to the policy, he demanded an undertaking from the CBN that no new notes will be printed in a foreign country and they in turn gave him assurances that there was enough capacity, manpower and equipment to print the currency for local needs.

He said he needed to go back to find out what was actually happening.

President Buhari told the Governors that, being closer to the people, he had heard their cries and will act in a way that there will be a solution.

El-Rufai To Obi: “How Many Christians Are In The North? An LGA in Kaduna Wipes Out Anambra Votes”

0

By Gideon Njoku

Kaduna State Governor, Mallam Nasir El-Rufai, has written off the popularity of the Presidential Candidate of the Labour Party, Peter Obi.

In an interview with TVC, El-Rufai said the race for the Presidency is between his Party, the All Progressives Congress, APC, and the Peoples Democratic Party. PDP, because they know the footprint. He insisted that Obi does not have the numbers to win, especially in the North. He claimed, contrary to opinion polls, that Obi is polling one per cent in Sokoto, two per cent in Katsina, and five per cent in Kano.

The Governor boasted that Religion will not save Obi, and asked: “How many Christians are in the Northern enclave?”

He admitted that Obi would do well in the South-east and South-west. But picking Obi’s Anambra State, he said the votes from one Local Government Area in Kaduna would cancel out the votes from the whole of Anambra State.

El-Rufai: Doing 70% in Anambra does nor mean that somebody doing 10% in Kano is not better than you.

“Kano is four million votes. Yes, Peter Obi will sweep South-east States. He will do well in South-south. Where else?

“He is not doing well in the South-west, other than a drop of Ocean in Lagos.

“He is polling in Christian enclave in the North, but how many are they? Ethnicity and religious bigotry will not take you anywhere. The election is APC versus PDP because they have the footprint.”

The Presidential election is scheduled for February 25, 2023. There are three front runners – Obi of the LP, Bola Tinubu of the APC and Atiku Abubakar of the PDP.